Fuel cell electric vehicle evaluation doe hydrogen and fuel. The emissions from hydrogen fuel cell cars will likely drop with advances in electric vehicle technologies and increased availability of. Jennifer kurtz, sam sprik, genevieve saur, and shaun onorato subject. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or, more commonly, by reacting hydrogen with oxygen. The pem allows only the hydrogen ions to pass through to the cathode. If this is the case fuel cell cars are cleaner and more efficient than fossil fuel cars. The first commercially available hydrogenpowered fuel cell car, the hyundai tucson fuel cell suv, produces much lower global warming emissions than the models gasolinepowered version. The 2015 toyota mirai is one of the first hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to be sold commercially. Hydrogen fuel quality speci cations for polymer electrolyte fuel cells in road vehicles report to the safety, codes and standards program fuel cell technologies o ce u. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle facility hawaii state legislature. Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure. The compressed hydrogen tanks and fuel cell data are based on the following parameters. Liquefied hydrogen lh2 storage system components and vehicles design, testing, and demonstration incident data for compressed natural gas cng containers 17.
The commissions communication the european green deal of 12. In 2015, california continues to be a national and global focal point for commercializing fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs and hydrogen fueling stations. Automotive technology update hydrogen fuel cell electric. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which use electric motors, are much more energy. Request pdf fuel economy of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the basis of onroad energy consumption, fuel economy fe of hydrogen fuel cell lightduty vehicles is projected to be 2. Distribution statement document is available to the public from the national technical. Each year, nhtsa tests a sampling of new vehicles that are expected to sell in large. However, in a process which resembles what happens in a battery, the hydrogen is fused chemically with oxygen from the air to. April 2019 automotive technology update hydrogen fuel cell. How fcvs work fuel cell vehicles are between ice and batterypowered vehicles. While hydrogen fueled passenger vehicles are typically identified by the oem as a fuel cell vehicles or a fuel cell electric vehicle, there are no existing or planned national requirements for fcevs to be identified by a placard and there are no existing or planned restrictions for fcevs in below grade structures. This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Scenario for adoption of light duty hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the.
This report is a start on a balanced discussion that intends to educate, rather than persuade or. Development potential of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. Regulations, standards and trainingeducation programmes are supporting the transition to a hydrogen economy. A single fuel cell produces approximately 1 volt or less barely. The importance of both fact sheet battery electric and. Hydrogen fuel cells and fuel cell electric vehicles green. The fuelcell electric vehicle fcev has been defined as a. Clean hydrogen replaces conventional fossil fuel derived hydrogen. The most commonly used method for hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles is compressed hydrogen tanks. Cumulatively, fcto funding has led to more than 960 hydrogen and fuel cell patents, as shown in. Developing hydrogen fueling infrastructure for fuel cell.
Hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles sciencedirect. The use of hydrogen as a fuel source also provides considerable weight advantages over current battery technologies. Consists of material specific chapters as individual pdf files summarizing. The purpose of this procedure is to release the hydrogen from the fuel systems and render them safe for modification. The fuel cell an energy conversion device that can efficiently capture and use the power of hydrogen is the key to making it happen. When the hydrogen molecules come into contact with a catalyst inside the fuel cell, a chemical reaction converts the energy stored in. Future improvements for fuel cell vehicles the hyundai tucson fcev provides just one early example of the emissions reductions possible from hydrogen powered vehicles. If california is to meet its air quality improvement and emissions reduction goals, the continued. As hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, the fuel cell can produce direct current dc power to run the electric car. The environmental impact of fuel cell vehicles depends on the primary energy with which the hydrogen was produced. Fuel cell electric buses for zeroemission public transit.
Special safety concerns are not factored into the ratings, and even a 5star vehicle may have a safety concern. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogenfueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles. Developing hydrogen fueling infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen and fuel cell applications nick barilo pnnl hydrogen safety program manager icc annual business meeting, long beach, ca, september 29, 2015 pnnl. Validation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and infrastructure.
The lack of a hydrogen infrastructure, which is signified in some futuristic plans as the hydrogen highway, is a major hurdle to the development of hfcvs. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity to power the motor, generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen. The committee believes that hydrogenfuel cells are at least as promising as battery electric. Perspectives on a hydrogen strategy for the european union. This figure is a modified version of a toyota graphic used in the technical version of a california road map. Automotive technology update hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles automotive technology update may 2019 table of contents page link 1 introduction. Oct 17, 2019 japan currently has 3,400 hydrogen vehicles on its roads and wants this to increase to 800,000 by 2030. Sa 110843 august 25, 2015 1 pnnl hydrogen safety program august 25, 2015 2 identify safety. Hydrogen is split into hydrogen ions and electrons by a platinum catalyst at the anode. A hydrogen strategy for the european union eu should be part to its. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles. Why hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen fcevs are clean, efficient, refuel quickly, and provide long driving range challenges include hydrogen infrastructure. Connecticut and new york follow as the second and third ranked states with current fuel cell installations at 25 mw and 10 mw, respectively. Hydrogen fueling cost for heavy duty vehicles is different from light duty vehicles with respect to fueling pressure, fill amount, fill rate, fill strategy, precooling requirement, etc.
Fuel cell electric vehicle evaluation doe hydrogen and. A california road map california fuel cell partnership. Fuel cell vehicles fuel cell vehicles fcvs are electric vehicles, producing energy onboard the vehicle from hydrogen. Fuel cell vehicles are only environmentally benign when the hydrogen was produced with renewable energy. Status and prospects of the global automotive fuel cell industry. Proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell applications for road vehicles. Automotive technology update hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles automotive technology update may 2019 table of contents page link 1 introduction 2 diesel engines 3 diesel fuel 5 fuel storage issues 6 fuel problemsadditives 9 additive availability 9 automaker recommendations 11 to learn more what is an atu. For example, the limitedproduction honda clarity fuel cell vehicle is rated at 65 mpg ghg on the 33 percent renewable california hydrogen mix, despite using older technology. Technology roadmaps full pack september 2018 hydrogen europe. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell.
They do not need to be plugged in to charge, instead fueling with hydrogen from a dispenser, much like fueling a car. The power produced by a fuel cell depends on several factors, including the fuel cell type, size, temperature at which it operates, and pressure at which gases are supplied. Department of energys does or the departments hydrogen and fuel cell efforts are. Education and energy and environmental protection to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle facility at joint base hickampearl harbor to learn more about the current technology and plans for introduction of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into the consumer market. Of those who have read the ogden article or popularpress fuel cell articles, some will want to know more. Although hydrogen fuel cell vehicles fcevs have been around since the 1960s, they have recently emerged as a potential solution to decarbonise heavy transport. While hydrogen fueled passenger vehicles are typically identified by the oem as a fuel cell vehicles or a fuel cell electric vehicle, there are no existing or planned national requirements for fcevs to be identified by a placard and there are no existing or planned. Fuel cell life is a key technological objective for consumer acceptance of fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles offer a unique combination of features as a. Iso 198801, hydrogen fueling station and vehicle interface.
The hawaii center for advanced transportation technology serves as a catalyst to expand. Bevs and hfcvs have zero tailpipe emissions and could enable bevs and hfcvs have zero tailpipe emissions and could enable deep cuts in transport sector emissions by using electricity or hydrogen that is derived from low emission sources. Battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have often been portrayed as competitors, with the assumption that only one technology will ultimately be successful. A fuel cell vehicle fcv or fuel cell electric vehicle fcev is a type of electric vehicle which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or supercapacitor, to power its onboard electric motor. The doe and industry longterm goal of 5,000 hours fuel cell stack durability correlates to engine life of about 100,000 miles. Battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. The pem allows only the hydrogen ions to pass through to the cathode where these ions react with oxygen to produce water. How clean are hydrogen fuel fact sheet cell electric vehicles. But battery and fuel cell evs can actually both be utilized to address different consumers needs and provide the greatest opportunity for market penetration. The vehicles were delivered to battelle with the fuel containers partially filled. Fuel cell electric buses for zeroemission public transit california has made great strides in improving its air quality over many decades, but transportation remains the states dominant source of air pollution. A single fuel cell produces approximately 1 volt or less barely enough electricity for even the smallest applications. Fuel cell electric vehicle deployment and hydrogen fuel.
Honda fcx clarity, toyota fcv, mercedesbenz f cell, and gm equinox with such tanks are already in test use for sale in the near future and manufacturers have estimated the fuel economy using epa test procedures. When the hydrogen molecules come into contact with a catalyst inside the fuel cell, a chemical reaction converts the energy stored in the hydrogen into an electric current. For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and supporting infrastructures. With the exception of previously published, publicly available documents, the information presented in. The gasoline engine in a conventional car is less than 20% efficient in convert ing the chemical energy in gasoline into power that moves the vehicle, under.
Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles offer a unique combination of features as a zeroemission alternative to conventional vehicles. Pdf fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure. Vehicles bevs and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles hfcvs i. Fuel cell electric vehicle driving and fueling behavior. Hydrogen fuel cell applications have been successfully deployed and shown to. Key words hydrogen fueled vehicle, hydrogen leak, fuel cell vehicle 18. The objectives of this project are to validate hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles in realworld settings and to identify the current status and evolution of the technology. How clean are hydrogen fuel fact sheet cell electric. Fuel economy of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles request pdf.
Like internalcombustion engines, they make power by using fuel from a tank pressurized hydrogen gas. Local hydrogen networks could also be used to fuel conventional or fuel cell vehicles. Development potential of hydrogen fuel cell electric. Diesel fuel can gel at low ambient temperatures, and water in the fuel can freeze, resulting in nostart or drivability problems. Neither the european commission nor any person acting. Evi electric vehicles initiative fc fuel cell fccj fuel cell commercialization conference of japan fcev fuelcell electric vehicles or fcv fcv fuelcell vehicles or fcev fdma fire and disaster management agency fit feedin tariff fra the japan fisheries research and education agency frea fukushima renewable energy institute.
Future improvements for fuel cell vehicles the hyundai tucson fcev provides just one early example of the emissions reductions possible from hydrogenpowered vehicles. Those three states comprise 95 percent of the current domestic fuel cell market. Fuel cell electric vehicles fuel cells create electricity from hydrogen, stored onboard the vehicle as a compressed gas, and oxygen from the air. California leads the nation in fuel cell installations, with just under 45 mw, roughly split half natural gas and half biogas.
Evi electric vehicles initiative fc fuel cell fccj fuel cell commercialization conference of japan fcev fuel cell electric vehicles or fcv fcv fuel cell vehicles or fcev fdma fire and disaster management agency fit feedin tariff fra the japan fisheries research and education agency frea fukushima renewable energy institute. Fuel cell electric vehicles 97 conclusion 101 credits 102. A hydrogen strategy for the european union eu should be part to its broader environmental and industrial strategies, which pursue the primary goal of decarbonising its economy while ensuring economic development. Hydrogen refueling analysis of fuel cell heavyduty. Perea, chapter 401, statutes of 20 remains a crucial driver to ensure california is prepared for commercial. Figure 1 example hydrogen fueling station illustrating scope of so tr19880 currently, the expected level of quality supplied at the nozzle of the dispenser is defined in the standard iso 146872 hydrogen fuel product specification part 2. Multimultiyear research, development and year research, development and demonstration plandemonstration plan page page 11 1 1. Analysis of published hydrogen vehicle safety research. Under californias 33 percent renewable hydrogen requirements, global warming emissions are less than half that of a corresponding gasoline vehicle. Fuel cells and hydrogen joint undertakingth stakeholder forum i 10 4 i. The mirai is based on the toyota fcv concept car shown. Fuel cell electric vehicle evaluation jennifer kurtz pi, sam sprik, chris ainscough, genevieve saur june 7, 2017. A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power.
April 2019 automotive technology update hydrogen fuel. Fy 2019 annual progress report 4 doe hydrogen and fuel cells program. Fuel cell powertrains, converting hydrogen to electric power to propel the vehicle, tend to be about twice as efficient as those on conventional vehicles. Hydrogen fuel quality specifications for polymer electrolyte. Hydrogen fuel cell trucks can decarbonise heavy transport. Energy planning models demonstrate that electric drive vehicles and.
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